Once again medical science has made another breakthrough. Clodronate liposome showed promising therapeutic activity in various animal models with neurological disorder, transplantation, autoimmune diseases, gene therapy and even cancer. Indeed, several medical researches have obtained positive results to such form of therapy. However, this is yet to be performed in humans. Research has been mostly conducted to animals, or if not then in vitro using human cells most of which with disease though.
Macrophages basically is the core of the immune system. Macrophage has two functions and that includes natural immune reaction and regulating non phagocytic cells. More so, these cells plays a major role in immune responses and immunity. It will automatically defends the body, through phagocytosis of different microbes and parasite.
Through phagocytosis macrophage will be able to defend the body. Phagocytosis means the ingestion of bacteria and other foreign cell in the body by the phagocytes. In addition to that, it also activates to major lymphocytes the t lymphocytes and the b ones. In short, macrophage through phagocytosis activates the immune system of both human and animals.
Transplant surgery often face the risk of transplant rejection, wherein the patient's immune system will attack the transplanted organ. As the immune system becomes overly reactive this will soon bring forth medical conditions, hence the term autoimmune diseases. This includes systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, grave's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, prenicious anemia and many others. Autoimmune diseases, transplantation and cancer are one of the most common condition that indicates increased phagocytotic activity.
Clodronate or also known as clodronic acid or clodronate disodium is a bisphosphonate that depletes macrophage hence reducing phagocytosis and suppresses the immune system. Liposomes on the other hand are artificially made lipid vesicles that are mostly used to encapsulate or carry strong hydrophilic substance in aqueous solution, for example clodronate.
Therefore liposomes acts as a vehicle to effectively carry clodronate inside the body and towards the cells without destroying its composition. After injecting the solution, the macrophage will then automatically identifies the substance to be foreign hence engulfing it. As soon as the macrophage ingest and digest the liposome, the main component of the drug will be released intracellularly.
Afterwhich the substance will then induce apoptosis on the macrophage, or in other words death to the cell, particularly the macrophages. Experiments with such component have shown interesting outcome specifically in suppressing macrophage activity in several autoimmune diseases. Such process can also help in suppressing immune response to transplant patients and gene therapy patients.
More so as it reduces phagocytic cells, it is also believed to inhibit tumor growth. In some cancer research, this component has shown a significant depletion of Kupffer cells, a significant cancer cell especially to liver cancer resulting to increased plasma absorption and antitumor effect over some chemotherapeutic drugs.
In cancer, clodronate liposome is said to improve the chemotherapeutic or to be specific the anti tumor activity in anti cancer drugs. More so, in certain cancer research such component have effectively decreased or suppress certain cancer cells that makes anti tumor drugs more absorbed into the plasma.
Macrophages basically is the core of the immune system. Macrophage has two functions and that includes natural immune reaction and regulating non phagocytic cells. More so, these cells plays a major role in immune responses and immunity. It will automatically defends the body, through phagocytosis of different microbes and parasite.
Through phagocytosis macrophage will be able to defend the body. Phagocytosis means the ingestion of bacteria and other foreign cell in the body by the phagocytes. In addition to that, it also activates to major lymphocytes the t lymphocytes and the b ones. In short, macrophage through phagocytosis activates the immune system of both human and animals.
Transplant surgery often face the risk of transplant rejection, wherein the patient's immune system will attack the transplanted organ. As the immune system becomes overly reactive this will soon bring forth medical conditions, hence the term autoimmune diseases. This includes systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, grave's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, prenicious anemia and many others. Autoimmune diseases, transplantation and cancer are one of the most common condition that indicates increased phagocytotic activity.
Clodronate or also known as clodronic acid or clodronate disodium is a bisphosphonate that depletes macrophage hence reducing phagocytosis and suppresses the immune system. Liposomes on the other hand are artificially made lipid vesicles that are mostly used to encapsulate or carry strong hydrophilic substance in aqueous solution, for example clodronate.
Therefore liposomes acts as a vehicle to effectively carry clodronate inside the body and towards the cells without destroying its composition. After injecting the solution, the macrophage will then automatically identifies the substance to be foreign hence engulfing it. As soon as the macrophage ingest and digest the liposome, the main component of the drug will be released intracellularly.
Afterwhich the substance will then induce apoptosis on the macrophage, or in other words death to the cell, particularly the macrophages. Experiments with such component have shown interesting outcome specifically in suppressing macrophage activity in several autoimmune diseases. Such process can also help in suppressing immune response to transplant patients and gene therapy patients.
More so as it reduces phagocytic cells, it is also believed to inhibit tumor growth. In some cancer research, this component has shown a significant depletion of Kupffer cells, a significant cancer cell especially to liver cancer resulting to increased plasma absorption and antitumor effect over some chemotherapeutic drugs.
In cancer, clodronate liposome is said to improve the chemotherapeutic or to be specific the anti tumor activity in anti cancer drugs. More so, in certain cancer research such component have effectively decreased or suppress certain cancer cells that makes anti tumor drugs more absorbed into the plasma.
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